My training

Juvenile Interrogation Isolator – Correctional Facility of Kaunas (hereinafter Kaunas JII-CF or institution) is established in Kaunas city, about 100 km West from Vilnius. The institution was established on the 6th of September 1968 and at first was called Kaunas Educational Labor Colony. It is the only such institution in the Republic of Lithuania. The name and subordination of the institution have been changed for several times.
Kaunas JII-CF is subordinate to Prison Department under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Lithuania. The Institution performs the following tasks: measures of suppression – detention of juveniles; custodial penalty for juveniles; guarantees the maintenance conditions determined by laws and other legal acts for the detained and convicted juveniles; prepares the juvenile convicts for integration into society after their penalty time is over in accordance with laws; guarantees general education and professional training of the convicts; organizes cultural, sport events and religious ceremonies for he convicts. The mission of the institution is the following: to reduce the juvenile delinquency by humanization and modernization of juvenile living environment under the conditions of isolation, to execute prevention of juvenile delinquency and their reintegration after release more effectively and justly, and to develop the conception of life in legal society. The aim of my practice was to put into practice all the theoretical news, to do various official functions, to organize activity of institution, to show honour to judicial valuables and rules. My task during this practice was to formulate a plan how to work with juvenile convicts, to write a plan of adaptation, to investigate all the problems of juvenile problems and try to give a piece of advice how to solve them, and the last thing was to write a characteristic of a juvenile convict. All my practice was really interesting and helpful, I met new people who gave me usefull information how to help them. I think that this area is really interesting and I am thinking about the possibility to work with juvenile convicts.

Social policy

Social policy is a multi-disciplinary subject, that is, it combines elements of sociology, politics, social history, international studies, economics, philosophy, psychology, and cultural studies. Utilising these various perspectives, social policy is concerned with exploring social issues and questions, which can take a range of forms.
One of the social policy field is health care. In Britain, health care has a lot of different branches. In the usual way this include: hospital care, primary care, public care. Hospitals can be dinguished between acute and long stay care. Primary care refers to basic medical treatment and non-hospital care. Primary care includes not only preventive medicine but also several areas not necessaraly linked with conventional health services.
And what we can say about health care in Lithuania? As of the end of 1995 it has mainly provided on an integrated model. Health care institutions are both administrated and financed by either the Ministry of Health or one of the 56 Local Self Governments. But the Republic of Lithuania inherited a typical former Soviet Union model of health care provision. This was over centralised, had little room for patient choise, or respect for patients' right. Lithuania has a relatively high number of hospital beds per capita and one of the highest numbers of doctors per capita in the whole of Europe, in effect these are high fixed costs.

Online listenings

First listening "Study of College Athletes Finds Exercise-Induced Asthma Is Common"(http://www.voanews.com/mediaassets/specialenglish/2007_10/Audio/mp3/se-sin-2456-digest-10-30-07.mp3)was about the study of college athletes.This listening was really long and it was dificult to focus attention. But the speakers were talking not so fast and made pauses to understant all the meaning. Vocabulary was This recording I listened three times in order to get the main ideas of this listening. Another listening The Law of Life (http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2006-08/2006-09-11-voa4.cfm?CFID=151303071&CFTOKEN=44023530). This listening was really difficult to understand because it was long text but words were not so soggy. This text I listened two times to find the meaning of some expressions and vocabulary.
What is more, the reading of a transcript helped to look up for difficult words and understand all the listening material. After this listening I can say that I have to work hard in order to improve my listening skills for my exam listening paper. So I have to listen to podcasts as often as possible or watch authentic films because I have got a lot of time for that. And I have to try to focus attention because I have to hear all the text.

Civil and criminal law

Law informs everyday life and society in a wide variety of ways. Civil law the area of law in common law countries governing relations between private individuals. It includes the private law in common law systems,as well as non-criminal statutes regulating actions of individuals and corporations in a society. In this usage the term divides the relevant area of law from criminal law and other areas of public law. Criminal law is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_law).
There are some differences in procedure. It is believed that imposing sanctions for the crime, society can achieve justice and a peaceable social order. This differs from civil law in that civil actions are disputes between two parties that are not of significant public concern. In a civil case a crime cannot be proven if the person or persons judging it doubt the guilt of the suspect and have a reason for his doubt. What is more, private citizen can bring a criminal prosecution against another citizen, criminal actions are nearly always started by the state. Civil actions are usually started by individuals. the judge in a civil law system plays a more active role in determining the facts of the case. Most civil law countries investigate major crimes using a so-called inquisitorial system. Also, civil law systems rely much more on written argument than oral argument. Most civil trials result in a cash award to the prevailing party, designed to restore that party to the position they would have been in but for the wrong that sparked the litigation.

Internet fraud

The Internet offers a global marketplace for consumers and businesses. But crooks also recognize the potentials of cyberspace. The term "Internet fraud" refers generally to any type of fraud scheme that uses one or more components of the Internet (chat rooms, e-mail, message boards, or Web sites). It's sometimes hard to know the difference between reputable online sellers and criminals who use the Internet to rob people. You can protect yourself by learning how to recognize the danger signs of fraud. If you are a victim or attempted victim of Internet fraud, it's important to report the scam quickly so that law enforcement agencies can shut the fraudulent operations down. What is the most important, don‘t believe promises of easy money. Because if someone claims that you can earn money with little or no work, it is really huge posibility, that you can loose your own money.
Some facts about internet fraud:

Top methods of payment
Wire 46%
Credit Card 20%
Bank Debit 9%
Debit Card 8%
Money Order 8%
Check 5%
Cashiers Check 2%
Cash 2%

Methods of initial contact with crooks
www 69%
e-mail 31%

Ages of consumers
Under 20 2%
20 – 29 25%
30 – 39 24%
40 – 49 24%
50 – 59 17%
60 – 69 6%
70+ 2%

Employment law

We all know that work and law is closely related. All workers and employers have their rights. Employment law is a broad area including all areas of the employer/employee relationship except the negotiation process covered by labor law and collective bargaining. (http://www.hg.org/employ.html ). Employment law gives us principles what can do both sides and what are conseqences if they ignore them. For example, women has the right to time off in order to have a baby and the right to return to work within a certain period after having a baby. If workers think that their rights were viotated they have a right to appeal to court. Sometimes we can hear about strikes, but this specific rule variuos from time to time and country to country. Goverments have to make that all rights were secured.

Virginia shooting and gun control

April 17- is a day when world heard about accident in USA, when a lone gunman killed 32 students at Virginia Tech university. It is the first time when huge shooting started at the university, usualy these horrible scenes of such killing sprees in schools. There were two separate shootings about two hours apart at opposite ends of the campus. Most of those killed were students attending classes at a hall at university, were the gunman appeared and started his shooting. What is more, many students were hurt when they started jumping from windows in a desperate attempt to escape the gunfire. The killler was an Asian male, who was wearing a black leather coat and maroon hat. Police still do not know his shooting motive. After this accident, we have to talk about gun control.

GUN CONTROL - regulation of the sale and use of rifles and handguns. Facts says, that more than 30.000 people die from gunshot wounds in the United States every year and there are more guns in private hands than in any other country. But in USA we can see a powerful gun lobby and support for gun ownership rights. So we need to woke up for this problem and act immediatly.